16. Kodi mfundo ya pressure dew ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Mpweya wonyowa ukakanikizidwa, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi kumawonjezeka ndipo kutentha kumakweranso. Mpweya woponderezedwa ukazizira, chinyezi chimawonjezeka. Kutentha kukapitirira kutsika kufika pa 100% chinyezi, madontho a madzi amatuluka kuchokera mumpweya woponderezedwa. Kutentha panthawiyi ndi "madontho a mpweya woponderezedwa".
17. Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa mfundo ya dengu la kupanikizika ndi mfundo ya dengu la kupanikizika kwabwinobwino?
Yankho: Ubale wofanana pakati pa mfundo ya mame opanikizika ndi mfundo ya mame opanikizika wamba umagwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika. Pansi pa mfundo ya mame opanikizika yomweyi, chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika chikakhala chachikulu, mfundo ya mame opanikizika wamba imatsika. Mwachitsanzo: pamene mfundo ya mame ya kupanikizika kwa mpweya wopanikizika wa 0.7MPa ndi 2°C, ndi yofanana ndi -23°C pa kupsinjika kwabwinobwino. Pamene kupanikizika kukukwera kufika pa 1.0MPa, ndipo mfundo ya mame opanikizika yomweyi ndi 2°C, mfundo ya mame opanikizika wamba imatsika kufika pa -28°C.
18. Ndi chida chiti chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mame a mpweya wopanikizika?
Yankho: Ngakhale kuti gawo la pressure dew point ndi Celsius (°C), tanthauzo lake ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mu mpweya wopanikizika. Chifukwa chake, kuyeza point ya mame kwenikweni ndiko kuyeza chinyezi cha mpweya. Pali zida zambiri zoyezera point ya mame ya mpweya wokakamizidwa, monga "glass dew point instrument" yokhala ndi nayitrogeni, ether, ndi zina zotero monga gwero lozizira, "electrolytic hygrometer" yokhala ndi phosphorous pentoxide, lithium chloride, ndi zina zotero monga electrolyte, ndi zina zotero. Pakadali pano, mita zapadera za mame a gasi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani poyesa point ya mame ya mpweya wokakamizidwa, monga mita ya mame ya British SHAW dew, yomwe imatha kuyeza mpaka -80°C.
19. Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kusamalidwa poyesa dothi la mpweya wopanikizika ndi mita ya dothi la dothi?
Yankho: Gwiritsani ntchito choyezera mame kuti muyese mame a mpweya, makamaka ngati madzi a mpweya woyezedwa ndi otsika kwambiri, ntchitoyi iyenera kukhala yosamala kwambiri komanso yoleza mtima. Zipangizo zoyezera gasi ndi mapaipi olumikizira ziyenera kukhala zouma (zouma kuposa mpweya woyezedwa), zolumikizira mapaipi ziyenera kutsekedwa kwathunthu, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kuyenera kusankhidwa motsatira malamulo, ndipo nthawi yayitali yokwanira yochitira chithandizo imafunika. Ngati muli osamala, padzakhala zolakwika zazikulu. Machitidwe awonetsa kuti pamene "chowunikira chinyezi" chogwiritsa ntchito phosphorous pentoxide monga electrolyte chikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mame a mpweya wopanikizika wothandizidwa ndi chowumitsira chozizira, cholakwikacho chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha electrolysis yachiwiri yopangidwa ndi mpweya wokakamizidwa panthawi yoyesa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwerenga kukhale kokwera kuposa momwe kulili. Chifukwa chake, chida chamtunduwu sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mame a mpweya wokakamizidwa wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chowumitsira chozizira.
20. Kodi mpweya wopanikizika uyenera kuyezedwa kuti mu choumitsira?
Yankho: Gwiritsani ntchito choyezera mame kuti muyese mame opanikizika a mpweya wopanikizika. Malo oyezera sampuli ayenera kuyikidwa mu chitoliro chotulutsa utsi cha choumitsira, ndipo mpweya woyezera sayenera kukhala ndi madontho amadzimadzi. Pali zolakwika pa mame oyesedwa pa malo ena oyezera sampuli.
21. Kodi kutentha kwa nthunzi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa dengu la mphamvu?
Yankho: Mu choumitsira chozizira, kuwerengera kutentha kwa evaporation (kuthamanga kwa evaporation) sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa pressure dew ya mpweya wopanikizika. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mu evaporator yokhala ndi malo ochepa osinthira kutentha, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mpweya wokakamizidwa ndi kutentha kwa evaporation ya refrigerant panthawi yosinthira kutentha (nthawi zina mpaka 4 ~ 6°C); kutentha komwe mpweya wokakamizidwa ukhoza kuziziritsidwa nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwera kuposa kwa refrigerant. Kutentha kwa evaporation kumakhala kwakukulu. Kutha kwa kulekanitsa kwa "gas-water separator" pakati pa evaporator ndi pre-cooler sikungakhale 100%. Nthawi zonse padzakhala gawo la madontho amadzi osatha omwe amalowa mu pre-cooler ndi mpweya woyenda ndi "kusungunuka kachiwiri" pamenepo. Amachepetsedwa kukhala nthunzi yamadzi, yomwe imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi mu mpweya wokakamizidwa ndikukweza mame. Chifukwa chake, pankhaniyi, kutentha kwa evaporation ya refrigerant nthawi zonse kumakhala kotsika kuposa mame enieni a pressure dew ya mpweya wokakamizidwa.
22. Kodi njira yoyezera kutentha ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika ziti m'malo mwa pressure dew point?
Yankho: Masitepe oyesera nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kuyeza malo oyezera mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya SHAW dew point m'mafakitale ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira za mayeso nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi mikhalidwe yosakwanira ya mayeso. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina zomwe sizili zovuta kwambiri, thermometer nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza malo oyezera mpweya wopanikizika.
Maziko ophunzirira poyesa mfundo ya mame opanikizika a mpweya wopanikizika ndi thermometer ndi awa: ngati mpweya wopanikizika womwe umalowa mu precooler kudzera mu evaporator pambuyo poti wakakamizidwa kuziziritsidwa ndi evaporator, madzi otsekedwa omwe amatengedwa mkati mwake amalekanitsidwa kwathunthu mu evaporator ya madzi a gasi, ndiye kuti panthawiyi kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika komwe kumayesedwa ndi mame opanikizika. Ngakhale kuti kwenikweni mphamvu yolekanitsa ya evaporator ya madzi a gasi singafikire 100%, koma malinga ndi momwe madzi otsekedwa a pre-cooler ndi evaporator amatulutsidwira bwino, madzi otsekedwa omwe amalowa mu evaporator ya madzi a gasi ndipo amafunika kuchotsedwa ndi evaporator ya madzi a gasi amangowerengera gawo laling'ono kwambiri la kuchuluka konse kwa condensate. Chifukwa chake, cholakwika pakuyesa mfundo ya mame opanikizika ndi njira iyi si chachikulu kwambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi poyesa mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika, malo oyezera kutentha ayenera kusankhidwa kumapeto kwa evaporator ya chowumitsira chozizira kapena mu cholekanitsa madzi ndi gasi, chifukwa kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika ndiko kotsika kwambiri pa nthawiyi.
23. Kodi njira zoumitsira mpweya wopanikizika ndi ziti?
Yankho: Mpweya wopanikizika ukhoza kuchotsa nthunzi ya madzi mwa kupondereza, kuziziritsa, kulowetsa madzi ndi njira zina, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amatha kuchotsedwa mwa kutentha, kusefa, kulekanitsa makina ndi njira zina.
Chowumitsira chozizira ndi chipangizo chomwe chimaziziritsa mpweya wopanikizika kuti chichotse nthunzi ya madzi yomwe ili mkati mwake ndikupeza mpweya wouma wopanikizika. Choziziritsira chakumbuyo cha compressor ya mpweya chimagwiritsanso ntchito kuziziritsa kuti chichotse nthunzi ya madzi yomwe ili mkati mwake. Zowumitsira zoziziritsira zimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya kuziziritsa kuti zichotse nthunzi ya madzi yomwe ili mu mpweya wopanikizika.
24. Kodi mpweya wopanikizika ndi chiyani? Kodi makhalidwe ake ndi otani?
Yankho: Mpweya umatha kupanikizika. Mpweya umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina pambuyo pa compressor ya mpweya umagwira ntchito kuti uchepetse voliyumu yake ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika kwake umatchedwa mpweya wopanikizika.
Mpweya wopanikizika ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi magwero ena a mphamvu, uli ndi makhalidwe odziwika bwino awa: omveka bwino komanso owonekera bwino, osavuta kunyamula, alibe zinthu zoopsa zapadera, komanso alibe kuipitsa mpweya kapena kuipitsa mpweya pang'ono, kutentha kochepa, palibe ngozi ya moto, palibe mantha a kudzaza zinthu mopitirira muyeso, amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ambiri oipa, osavuta kupeza, osatha.
25. Ndi zinthu ziti zodetsa zomwe zili mu mpweya wopanikizika?
Yankho: Mpweya wopanikizika womwe umatuluka mu compressor ya mpweya uli ndi zinthu zambiri zosafunika: ①Madzi, kuphatikizapo nthunzi ya madzi, nthunzi ya madzi, madzi oundana; ②Mafuta, kuphatikizapo madontho a mafuta, nthunzi ya mafuta; ③Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimba, monga matope a dzimbiri, ufa wachitsulo, rabara Zidutswa, tinthu ta phula, zinthu zosefera, zinthu zotsekera, ndi zina zotero, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoopsa za fungo la mankhwala.
26. Kodi dongosolo lochokera mpweya ndi chiyani? Kodi lili ndi zigawo ziti?
Yankho: Dongosolo lopangidwa ndi zida zomwe zimapanga, kukonza ndi kusunga mpweya wopanikizika limatchedwa dongosolo lochokera ku mpweya. Dongosolo lodziwika bwino la gwero la mpweya nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zigawo izi: compressor ya mpweya, choziziritsira chakumbuyo, Zosefera (kuphatikiza zosefera zisanachitike, zolekanitsa mafuta ndi madzi, zosefera za mapaipi, zosefera zochotsera mafuta, zosefera zochotsera fungo, zosefera zoyeretsera, ndi zina zotero), matanki osungiramo gasi okhazikika, zowumitsira (zosungidwa mufiriji kapena zothira madzi), Chotulutsira madzi ndi zimbudzi zokha, mapaipi a gasi, zida za valve ya mapaipi, zida, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizo zomwe zili pamwambapa zimaphatikizidwa kukhala dongosolo lathunthu la gwero la gasi malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za njirayi.
27. Kodi zoopsa za zinthu zosafunika mu mpweya wopanikizika ndi ziti?
Yankho: Mpweya wopanikizika wochokera ku compressor ya mpweya uli ndi zinthu zambiri zodetsa, zinthu zazikulu zodetsa ndi tinthu tolimba, chinyezi ndi mafuta mumlengalenga.
Mafuta opaka mafuta opangidwa ndi nthunzi amapanga asidi wachilengedwe wowononga zida, amawononga labala, pulasitiki, ndi zinthu zotsekera, amatseka mabowo ang'onoang'ono, amachititsa kuti ma valve asamagwire bwino ntchito, komanso amaipitsa zinthu.
Chinyezi chodzaza mu mpweya wopanikizika chidzasungunuka n’kukhala madzi m’mikhalidwe ina ndipo chidzasonkhanitsidwa m’malo ena a dongosolo. Chinyezichi chimapangitsa dzimbiri pa zigawo ndi mapaipi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zoyenda zisamayende bwino kapena kusweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya zisamayende bwino komanso kuti mpweya utuluke; m’madera ozizira, kuzizira kwa chinyezi kungayambitse kuti mapaipi azizire kapena kusweka.
Zonyansa monga fumbi mumlengalenga wopanikizika zidzawononga malo oyenda omwe ali mu silinda, mota ya mpweya ndi valavu yobwezera mpweya, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya dongosololi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-17-2023
