1. Kodi mpweya ndi chiyani?Kodi mpweya wabwino ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Mpweya wozungulira dziko lapansi, timautchula kuti mpweya.
Mpweya womwe uli pansi pa 0.1MPa, kutentha kwa 20 ° C, ndi chinyezi cha 36% ndi mpweya wabwino.Mpweya wabwinobwino umasiyana ndi kutentha kwanthawi zonse komanso kumakhala chinyezi.Pakakhala mpweya wamadzi mumlengalenga, mpweya wamadzi ukangolekanitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumachepetsedwa.
2. Kodi tanthauzo la chikhalidwe cha mpweya ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe chokhazikika ndi: dziko la mpweya pamene mpweya wothamanga ndi 0.1MPa ndipo kutentha ndi 15.6 ° C (tanthauzo la makampani apanyumba ndi 0 ° C) limatchedwa chikhalidwe cha mpweya.
M'malo okhazikika, kachulukidwe ka mpweya ndi 1.185kg/m3 (kuthekera kwa mpweya kompresa utsi, chowumitsira, fyuluta ndi zida zina pambuyo processing zimazindikirika ndi mlingo otaya mu mpweya muyezo boma, ndipo unit amalembedwa ngati Nm3/ min).
3. Kodi mpweya wochuluka ndi mpweya wosakwanira ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Pa kutentha kwina ndi kupanikizika, zomwe zili mu nthunzi yamadzi mu mpweya wonyowa (ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi) kumakhala ndi malire;pamene kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wa madzi ali mu kutentha kwina kufika pazipita okhutira zotheka, chinyezi pa nthawi imeneyi Air amatchedwa zimalimbikitsa mpweya.Mpweya wonyowa wopanda mpweya wokwanira wa nthunzi wamadzi umatchedwa mpweya wosaturated.
4. Kodi mpweya wosakwanira umakhala wodzaza ndi zinthu ziti?Kodi "condensation" ndi chiyani?
Panthawi yomwe mpweya wopanda unsaturated umakhala mpweya wodzaza, madontho amadzi amadzimadzi amakhazikika mumlengalenga wonyowa, womwe umatchedwa "condensation".Condensation ndizofala.Mwachitsanzo, chinyezi cha mpweya m'chilimwe chimakhala chokwera kwambiri, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga madontho a madzi pamwamba pa chitoliro cha madzi.M'mawa m'nyengo yozizira, madontho amadzi adzawonekera pawindo lagalasi la anthu okhalamo.Umenewu ndi mpweya wonyezimira umene umazizidwa mosalekeza kuti ukafike pa mame.Chotsatira cha condensation chifukwa cha kutentha.
5. Kodi kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga, kuthamanga kokwanira ndi kuthamanga kwa gauge ndi chiyani?Kodi mayunitsi odziwika bwino ndi ati?
Yankho: Kuthamanga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wokhuthala kwambiri wozungulira dziko lapansi pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kapena zinthu zapamtunda kumatchedwa "atmospheric pressure", ndipo chizindikiro ndi Ρb;kupsyinjika komwe kumachitika pamwamba pa chidebe kapena chinthu kumatchedwa "kukakamiza kwathunthu".Kupanikizika kwamtengo kumayambira pa vacuum mtheradi, ndipo chizindikiro ndi Pa;kupanikizika koyezera kupanikizika, magetsi otsekemera, machubu ooneka ngati U ndi zida zina amatchedwa "gauge pressure", ndipo "gauge pressure" imayamba kuchokera ku mphamvu ya mumlengalenga, ndipo chizindikiro ndi Ρg.Ubale pakati pa atatuwa ndi
Pa=Pb+Pg
Kupanikizika kumatanthawuza mphamvu pa gawo la unit, ndipo gawo lokakamiza ndi N / square, lotchedwa Pa, lotchedwa Pascal.MPa (MPa) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu engineering
1MPa=10 mphamvu yachisanu ndi chimodzi Pa
1 mulingo wapakati pamlengalenga = 0.1013MPa
1kPa=1000Pa=0.01kgf/square
1MPa=10 mphamvu yachisanu ndi chimodzi Pa=10.2kgf/square
M'dongosolo lakale la mayunitsi, kuthamanga kumawonetsedwa mu kgf/cm2 (mphamvu ya kilogalamu/square centimita).
6. Kodi kutentha ndi chiyani?Kodi mayunitsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ati?
A: Kutentha ndi chiwerengero cha matenthedwe akuyenda kwa mamolekyu a chinthu.
Kutentha kotheratu: Kutentha koyambira kuchokera pamlingo wotsika kwambiri pamene mamolekyu a gasi amasiya kuyenda, otchedwa T. Chigawocho ndi “Kelvin” ndipo chizindikiro cha unit ndi K.
Kutentha kwa Celsius: Kutentha kuyambira pamalo osungunuka a ayezi, gawoli ndi "Celsius", ndipo chizindikiro cha unit ndi ℃.Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko aku Britain ndi America amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito "kutentha kwa Fahrenheit", ndipo chizindikiro cha unit ndi F.
Ubale wotembenuka pakati pa magawo atatu a kutentha ndi
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.16
t(F)=32+1.8t(℃)
7. Kodi nthunzi wamadzi mumpweya wonyezimira ndi wotani?
Yankho: Mpweya wonyezimira ndi wosakaniza wa nthunzi wa madzi ndi mpweya wouma.Mu mpweya wina wonyezimira, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi (kuchuluka) kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa mpweya wouma, koma kumakhala ndi mpweya wofanana ndi mpweya wouma., amakhalanso ndi kutentha komweko.Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wonyowa ndi kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza kwapang'ono kwa mpweya wozungulira (ie, mpweya wouma ndi nthunzi wamadzi).Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi wamadzi mu mpweya wonyowa kumatchedwa kupanikizika pang'ono kwa nthunzi wa madzi, kutchulidwa kuti Pso.Mtengo wake umasonyeza kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga wonyowa, kukweza kwa nthunzi wamadzi, kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wamadzi ukhale wokwera pang'ono.Kuthamanga pang'ono kwa nthunzi wamadzi mu mpweya wodzaza kumatchedwa kuti saturated partial pressure ya nthunzi yamadzi, yomwe imatchedwa Pab.
8. Kodi chinyezi chamlengalenga ndi chiyani?Chinyezi chochuluka bwanji?
Yankho: Kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kumasonyeza kuuma ndi chinyezi cha mpweya kumatchedwa chinyezi.Mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi awa: chinyezi chamtheradi ndi chinyezi chochepa.
Pansi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ili mumlengalenga wonyezimira wa 1 m3 imatchedwa "chinyezi chamtheradi" cha mpweya wonyowa, ndipo gawolo ndi g/m3.Chinyezi chamtheradi chimangowonetsa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ili mugawo la mpweya wonyowa, koma sichikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mpweya wonyowa kuti mutenge mpweya wamadzi, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha mpweya wonyowa.Chinyezi chamtheradi ndi kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi mumpweya wonyowa.
Chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ili mu mpweya wonyowa kufika pa mlingo wokwanira wa nthunzi wa madzi pa kutentha komweko kumatchedwa "relative humidity", yomwe nthawi zambiri imasonyezedwa ndi φ.Chinyezi chachibale φ chiri pakati pa 0 ndi 100%.Kuchepa kwa mtengo wa φ, mpweya wouma komanso mphamvu yamayamwidwe amadzi;kukulira kwa mtengo wa φ, mpweya wonyowa komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamadzi.Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kwa mpweya wonyowa kumakhudzananso ndi kutentha kwake.Pamene kutentha kwa mpweya wonyowa kumakwera, kuthamanga kwa machulukidwe kumawonjezeka moyenerera.Ngati zomwe zili mu nthunzi yamadzi sizisintha panthawiyi, chinyezi chachifupi φ cha mpweya wonyowa chidzachepa, ndiko kuti, mphamvu ya kuyamwa kwa mpweya wa chinyezi Kuwonjezeka.Chifukwa chake, pakuyika chipinda cha kompresa ya mpweya, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusunga mpweya wabwino, kutsitsa kutentha, kusatulutsa ngalande, komanso kudzikundikira kwamadzi m'chipindamo kuti muchepetse chinyezi mumlengalenga.
9. Kodi chinyezi ndi chiyani?Momwe mungawerengere chinyezi?
Yankho: Mu mpweya wonyowa, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ili mu 1kg ya mpweya wouma imatchedwa "chinyezi" cha mpweya wonyowa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kusonyeza kuti chinyezi okhutira ω pafupifupi kufanana ndi nthunzi pang'ono kuthamanga kwa madzi nthunzi Pso, ndi inversely molingana ndi okwana mpweya kuthamanga p.ω amawonetsa ndendende kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wamadzi womwe uli mumlengalenga.Ngati kupanikizika kwa mumlengalenga kumakhala kosasintha, kutentha kwa mpweya wonyowa kumakhala kosasintha, Pso imakhalanso yosasintha.Panthawi imeneyi, chinyezi chapafupi chimawonjezeka, chinyontho chimawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu ya mayamwidwe imachepa.
10. Kodi kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi mumpweya wodzaza ndi chiyani zimadalira chiyani?
Yankho: Zomwe zili mu nthunzi yamadzi (kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa madzi) mumlengalenga ndizochepa.Pakuthamanga kwa aerodynamic (2MPa), zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi mumpweya wodzaza zimadalira kutentha ndipo alibe chochita ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya.Kutentha kwapamwamba, kumapangitsanso kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi wochuluka.Mwachitsanzo, pa 40°C, mpweya wokwana 1 kiyubiki mita umakhala ndi kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi kamene kakuchulukirachulukira ngakhale kuti mphamvu yake ndi 0.1MPa kapena 1.0MPa.
11. Kodi mpweya wonyezimira ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Mpweya umene uli ndi nthunzi winawake wa madzi umatchedwa mpweya wonyezimira, ndipo mpweya wopanda nthunzi wa madzi umatchedwa mpweya wouma.Mpweya wotizungulira ndi wonyowa.Pamalo enaake, kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowuma zimakhala zokhazikika, ndipo zilibe tanthauzo lapadera pakuchita kutentha kwa mpweya wonse wonyowa.Ngakhale kuti nthunzi wamadzi mumlengalenga wonyowa si waukulu, kusintha kwa zinthuzo kumakhudza kwambiri thupi la mpweya wonyowa.Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wamadzi kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuuma ndi chinyezi cha mpweya.Chinthu chogwira ntchito cha air compressor ndi mpweya wonyowa.
12. Kodi kutentha ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kutentha ndi mtundu wina wa mphamvu.Magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: KJ/(kg·℃), cal/(kg·℃), kcal/(kg·℃), etc. 1kcal=4.186kJ, 1kJ=0.24kcal.
Malinga ndi malamulo a thermodynamics, kutentha kumatha kusamutsidwa modzidzimutsa kuchokera kumapeto kwa kutentha mpaka kumapeto kwa kutentha kochepa kudzera pa convection, conduction, radiation ndi mitundu ina.Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakunja, kutentha sikungathe kusinthidwa.
13. Kodi kutentha kwanzeru ndi chiyani?Kodi kutentha kobisika ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Potentha kapena kuzizira, kutentha komwe kumatengedwa kapena kutulutsidwa ndi chinthu pamene kutentha kwake kumakwera kapena kutsika popanda kusintha gawo lake loyambirira kumatchedwa kutentha kwanzeru.Zingapangitse anthu kukhala ndi kusintha koonekeratu kwa kuzizira ndi kutentha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyezedwa ndi thermometer.Mwachitsanzo, kutentha komwe kumatengedwa pokweza madzi kuchokera pa 20 ° C mpaka 80 ° C kumatchedwa kutentha kwanzeru.
Chinthu chikayamwa kapena kutulutsa kutentha, gawo lake limasintha (monga gasi amakhala madzi…), koma kutentha sikumasintha.Kutentha kumeneku kumatchedwa kutentha kobisika.Kutentha kochedwa sikungayesedwe ndi thermometer, komanso thupi la munthu silingamve, koma kungawerengedwe moyesera.
Mpweya wodzaza ukatulutsa kutentha, mbali ina ya nthunzi yamadzi imalowa m'madzi amadzimadzi, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya wodzaza sikutsika panthawiyi, ndipo gawo ili la kutentha komweko ndi kutentha kobisika.
14. Kodi mpweya wa enthalpy ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Enthalpy ya mpweya imatanthawuza kutentha kwathunthu komwe kuli mumlengalenga, nthawi zambiri kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wouma.Enthalpy imayimiridwa ndi chizindikiro ι.
15. Kodi mame ndi chiyani?Chikugwirizana ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Dongosolo la mame ndi kutentha komwe mpweya wosasunthika umachepetsa kutentha kwake ndikusunga mphamvu ya nthunzi yamadzi nthawi zonse (ndiko kuti, kusunga madzi okwanira nthawi zonse) kuti afikire machulukidwe.Kutentha kukatsika mpaka kumame, madontho amadzi opindika amalowa mumlengalenga wachinyontho.Mame a mpweya wonyowa samangokhudzana ndi kutentha, komanso amagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga.Mame amakhala ochuluka ndi madzi ochuluka, ndipo mame amakhala ochepa ndi madzi ochepa.Pamalo enaake otentha a mpweya, kutentha kwa mame kumakwera kwambiri, kutsika kwa mpweya wamadzi mumpweya wonyezimira kumachulukirako, ndipo m’pamenenso nthunzi wamadzi umakhala mumpweya wachinyontho.Kutentha kwa mame kuli ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri paukadaulo wa compressor.Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa mpweya wa kompresa kukakhala kotsika kwambiri, kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi gasi kumakhazikika chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa mu mbiya yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta opaka mafuta azikhala ndi madzi komanso kukhudza momwe mafutawo amakhudzira.Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwa mpweya wa kompresa kuyenera kupangidwa kuti kuwonetsetse kuti sikutsika kuposa kutentha kwa mame pansi pa kukakamiza kofananako.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-17-2023
