1. Kodi mpweya ndi chiyani? Kodi mpweya wabwino uli bwanji?
Yankho: Mlengalenga kuzungulira dziko lapansi, timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyitcha mpweya.
Mphepo yomwe ili pansi pa kupanikizika kwa 0.1MPA, kutentha kwa 20 ° C, ndipo chinyezi chofanana cha 36% ndi mpweya wabwinobwino. Mpweya wabwinobwino umasiyana ndi mpweya wokhazikika mu kutentha ndipo umakhala chinyezi. Pomwe pali nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga, kamodzi pa madzi amapatukana, voliyumu ya mpweya idzachepetsedwa.
2. Kodi mawonekedwe a State ar ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kutanthauzira kwa boma ndi
Mu State State, kachulukidwe ka mpweya ndi 1.185kg / m3 (mphamvu ya zouma, zosefera, zosefera zina positi yomwe ili mu ndege, ndipo chipangizocho chalembedwa ngati nm3 / min).
3. Kodi mpweya wokwanira ndi mpweya umakhala chiyani?
Yankho: Kutentha kwina ndi kupanikizika, zomwe zili m'madzi mu mpweya wabwino (ndiye kuti, kachulukidwe ka madzi m'madzi uli ndi malire ena; Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi zamadzi komwe kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kumafika pazomwe zili zomwe zilipo, chinyezi panthawiyi mpweya umatchedwa kuti mpweya wokwanira. Mphepo yonyowa yopanda kuchuluka komwe kumakhala ndi nthunzi yamadzi imatchedwa mpweya wosakhazikika.
4. Munthawi yanji zomwe mpweya sunawonongeke? Kodi "kumenja" ndi chiyani?
Pakadali pano pomwe mpweya womwe sunasokonekera umayamba kukwera mpweya, madontho amadzi amadzi amadzimadzi amakhumudwa mu mpweya wonyontho, womwe umatchedwa "kufupikitsa". Kukonzanso kuli ponseponse. Mwachitsanzo, chinyezi cha mpweya mu chilimwe ndi chambiri, ndipo ndikosavuta kupanga malovu amadzi padziko lapansi pa chitoliro chamadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, madontho amadzi amawoneka pamavidiyo a anthu okhala. Awa ndi mpweya wachinyezi womwe umakhala wokakamizidwa nthawi zonse kuti ukwaniritse mame. Zotsatira za kumeza chifukwa cha kutentha.
5. Kodi kupanikizika kwamlengalenga ndi ziti, kupanikizika kotheratu komanso kupanikizika? Kodi magawo ofanana ndi otani?
Yankho: Kupanikizika koyambitsidwa ndi mpweya wozungulira padziko lapansi pazinthu zapadziko lapansi kapena zinthu zapamwamba kumatchedwa "kupanikizika kwa mlengalenga", ndi chizindikirocho ndi ρb; Kupanikizika mwachindunji komwe kumachitika pamphuno kapena chinthu chimatchedwa kuti "kupsinjika". Mtengo wokakamizika umayamba kuchokera ku vatuum, ndi chizindikirocho ndi m; Kupanikizika koyesedwa ndi magulu osokoneza bongo, machubu a vacuum, machubu opangidwa ndi ufaina ndi zida zina amatchedwa "kupanikizika kambiri", ndi chizindikiro ndi ρ chik. Ubale pakati pa atatuwo ndi
Pa = PB + PG
Kukakamizidwa kumatanthauza mphamvu iliyonse, komanso kuphatikizika kwa unit ndi n / lalikulu, kutanthauza ngati pa, yotchedwa pascal. MPA (MPA) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri
1MPA = 10 chisanu ndi chimodzi pa
1 Standarssic Exprossic kupanikizika = 0.1013mpha
1kpa = 1000pa = 0,01kgf / lalikulu
1MPA = 10 MPHAMVA PA = 10.2kgf / lalikulu
M'dongosolo lakale la mayunitsi, kukakamizidwa nthawi zambiri kumafotokozedwa ku KGF / CM2 (kilogalamu ya Forcemm / Squameter).
6. Kodi kutentha ndi chiyani? Kodi mawotchi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi otani?
Yankho: Kutentha ndi kagwiridwe ka mankhwala mamolekyulu a chinthu.
Kutentha kwathunthu: Kutentha kuyambira nthawi yotsika kwambiri pamene mamolekyulu amasiya kusuntha, kutanthauzira ngati T. Chipangizocho ndi "kelvin" ndi chizindikiro cha K.
Kutentha kwa Celsius: Kutentha kuyambira pa madzi oundana, gawo ndi "Celsius", ndi chizindikiro cha unit ndi ℃. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko aku Britain ndi America nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito "kutentha kwa fahrenhe", ndipo chizindikiro cha unit ndi F.
Ubwenzi wosintha pakati pa kutentha atatuwo ndi
T (k) = t (° C) + 273.16
T (F) = 32 + 1.8t (℃)
7. Kodi kupsinjika kwa nthunzi kumadzi ndi chiani?
Yankho: mpweya wonyontho ndi chisakanizo chamadzi chamadzi ndi mpweya wouma. Mu mtundu wina wa chinyezi, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi (yochulukirapo) nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako yopanda mpweya wowuma, koma imakhala ndi voliyo ngati mlengalenga. Komanso khalani ndi matenthedwe omwewo. Kupsinjika kwa mpweya wonyowa ndi kuchuluka kwa magawano a mpweya wozungulira (mwachitsanzo, mpweya wouma ndi mpweya wamadzi). Kupsinjika kwa nthunzi yamadzi kunyowa kumatchedwa kukakamizidwa kwa nthunzi yamadzi, kutanthauza kuti PSO. Mtengo wake umawonetsera kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga, okwera m'madzi amadzi, mpweya wambiri wamadzi pang'ono. Kukakamiza kwa nthunzi zamadzi mu mpweya wokulirapo kumatchedwa kuti zotupa zamadzi, zotchedwa Pab.
8. Kodi chinyezi ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi chinyezi chambiri motani?
Yankho: Kuchuluka kwakuthupi komwe kumaonetsa kuuma ndi chinyezi cha mlengalenga kumatchedwa chinyezi. Mawu omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chinyezi ndi: chinyezi chonse komanso chinyezi chochepa.
Pansi pa Miyezo Yokhazikika, nthenga zamadzi zokhala ndi chinyezi mu voliyumu ya 1 m3 imatchedwa "chinyezi chambiri" champhamvu, ndipo unit ndi g / m3. Chinyezi kwathunthu chimangowonetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamadzi, koma sikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mpweya wambiri kuti utenge mpweya wamadzi. Chinyezi kwathunthu ndi kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wamadzi mu mpweya wonyowa.
Chiwerengero cha kuchuluka kwa nthungo zamadzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wotsika mpaka m'madzi okwanira kutentha komwe kumatchedwa "chinyezi cha m'bale", chomwe chimafotokozedwa ndi φ. Mbale chinyezi φ ali pakati pa 0 ndi 100%. Zocheperako Chokulirapo Kuyamwa chinyezi kuthekera kwa mpweya wachinyezi kumagwirizananso ndi kutentha kwake. Monga kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino kumakwera, kuthamanga kwa kuchuluka kumachulukana moyenerera. Ngati zokhudzana ndi nthunzi zamadzi sizimasinthika panthawiyi, ndiye kuti chinyezi cha chinyezi cha φ cha chinyezi chongofuna chinyezi kukhala chowonjezereka. Chifukwa chake, pokhazikitsa comprewrer compressor chipinda, tiyenera kulipidwa kuti zitheke, kutsika kutentha, palibe ngalande, ndi kudzikundikira kwamadzi m'chipindacho kuti muchepetse chinyezi mlengalenga.
9. Kodi chinyezi ndi chiyani? Momwe mungawerengere chinyezi?
Yankho: Mu mpweya wambiri, nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ili mu 1kg ya mpweya wouma imatchedwa "chinyezi" cha mpweya wachinyezi, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwonetsa kuti chinyontho ω chimakhala chofanana ndi madzi osokoneza bongo osasunthika a PSO, ndipo mogwirizana ndi kupsinjika kwathunthu p. ω ndendende kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ili mlengalenga. Ngati kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga kumakhala kosalekeza, pomwe kutentha kwa chinyezi kumakhala kosalekeza, PSO nthawi zonse. Pakadali pano, wachibale chinyezi chikuwonjezeka, chinyontho chochuluka chimawonjezeka, ndipo kuyamwa kwa chinyezi kumachepa.
10. Kodi kachulukidwe ka nthunzi umadalira chiyani?
Yankho: Zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi (madzi amphongo) mumlengalenga ndizochepa. M'magawo osiyanasiyana (2MPA), imatha kulingaliridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamadzi kumadalira ndipo sikugwirizana ndi kupsinjika kwa mpweya. Kutentha kwambiri, kachulukidwe ka nthunzi wa madzi. Mwachitsanzo.
11. Mpweya wachinyezi ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Mphepo yomwe ili ndi nthunzi ina imatchedwa thambo lamlengalenga, ndipo mpweya wopanda mpweya wamadzi umatchedwa kuti mpweya wowuma. Mphepo yozungulira ife ndi mpweya wonyowa. Pamalo ena, kapangidwe ndi gawo komanso gawo la mpweya wouma ndizokhazikika, ndipo ilibe tanthauzo lapadera pakuchita matenthedwe anyezi. Ngakhale kuti madzi amtundu wa madzi mumlengalenga mulibe wamkulu, kusintha kwa zomwe zili kumathandiza kwambiri pazinthu zachilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwakuuma komanso chinyezi cha mlengalenga. Chogwirira ntchito compressor wa ndege ndi mpweya wonyowa.
12. Kodi kutentha ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kutentha ndi mtundu wa mphamvu. Mayunitsi odziwika bwino: KJ / (KG · ·), cal / (KG · KA / (KAPACK)
Malinga ndi malamulo a thermodynamics, kutentha kumatha kusunthidwa kokha kuchokera kutentha kwambiri kumatha mpaka kutentha kochepa kumatha, kutsitsa, ma radiation ndi mitundu ina. Pakalibe mphamvu zakunja zakunja, kutentha sikungabwezeretsedwe.
13. Kutentha kwanzeru ndi chiyani? Kodi kutentha kwatsopano ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Pakuterera kapena kuzizira, kutentha komwe kumachitika kapena kumasulidwa ndi chinthu pomwe kutentha kwake kumatha kapena kugwa popanda kusintha gawo lake loyambirira lotchedwa lanzeru. Zimatha kupangitsa anthu kusintha mowonekera kuzizira komanso kutentha, komwe kumatha kuyeretsedwa ndi thermometer. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha komwe kaphatikizidwa ndi kukweza madzi kuyambira 20 ° C mpaka 80 ° C kumatchedwa kutentha kwanzeru.
Chinthu chomwe chinthu chimatenga kapena kutulutsa kutentha, kusintha kwake gawo lake (monga mpweya kumakhala madzi ...), koma kutentha sikusintha. Izi zimalowetsedwa kapena kuwotcha kutentha kumatchedwa kutentha. Kutentha kwaposachedwa sikungayesedwe ndi thermometer, komanso thupi la munthu silimamverera, koma itha kuwerengeredwa poyesedwa.
Pambuyo pa mpweya wokwanira kutenthetsa, gawo la nthunzi lidzayamba kulowa m'madzi amadzimadzi, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya wokwanira sikutsika nthawi ino, ndipo gawo ili la kutentha kwamoto limachedwa.
14. Kodi mawu amlengalenga ndi otani?
Yankho: Wokondedwa wa mpweya umanena kutentha kwathunthu komwe kamakhala mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri kutengera unit ule wa mpweya wouma. Enthuly imayimiriridwa ndi chizindikirochi Ι.
15. Kodi mame aluma ndi chiyani? Kodi zimagwirizana ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Dew ndiye kutentha pomwe mpweya womwe sunatulutsidwe umachepetsa kutentha kwake uku ndikukakamizidwa pang'ono m'madzi (ndiye kuti, kusunga madzi onse okhazikika) kotero kuti ikufika. Kutentha kwatsikira ku mame, madontho oponderezedwawo adzakhazikika mu mpweya wonyontho. Kukhazikika kwa mpweya wachinyezi sikuti kumakhudzana ndi kutentha, komanso zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga. Malo a mame ndi okwera ndi zinthu zazitali, ndipo mamembala a mame atsika ndi madzi ochepa. Pa kutentha kwapadera kwa mpweya, kutentha kwa mame, kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthunzi zamadzi mu mpweya wonyowa, ndipo chachikulu chamadzi chomwe chimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kwa mame ku Dew kumakhala kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito compress Engineering. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa ma genemar kwa mpweya kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, osakaniza mafuta osefukira kumadzanso chifukwa kutentha pang'ono mu mbiya yamafuta mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa mafuta opaka mafuta kukhala ndi madzi ndikukhudzanso mafuta. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwa mpweya wa compressor kwa mpweya kuyenera kupangidwira kuwonetsetsa kuti sikumatsika kuposa kutentha kwa mame osagwirizana.
Post Nthawi: Jul-17-2023
